Ba Câu Hỏi
Tolstoy, Leo
Ðó là chuyện ba câu hỏi khó của một nhà vua, do nhà văn hào Leo Tolstoy kể lại. Nhà vua ấy, Tolstoy không biết tên. Một hôm đức Vua nghĩ rằng, giá mà vua trả lời được ba câu hỏi ấy thì vua sẽ không bao giờ bị thất bại trong bất cứ công việc nào. Ba câu hỏi ấy là:
1. Làm sao để biết được thời gian nào là thời gian thuận lợi nhất cho mỗi công việc?
2. Làm sao để biết được nhân vật nào là nhân vật quan trọng nhất mà ta phải chú trọng?
3. Làm sao để biết được công việc nào là công việc cần thiết nhất mà ta phải thực hiện?
Các bậc hiền nhân đọc chiếu liền tìm tới kinh đô. Nhưng mỗi người lại dâng lên vua một câu trả lời khác nhau.
Về câu hỏi thứ nhất, có người trả lời rằng muốn biết thời gian nào là thời gian thuận lợi nhất cho mỗi công việc thì phải làm thời biểu cho đàng hoàng, có ngày giờ năm tháng và phải thi hành cho thật đúng thời biểu ấy. Như vậy mới mong công việc làm đúng lúc. Kẻ khác thì lại nói không thể nào dự tính được trước những việc gì phải làm và thời gian để làm những việc ấy; rằng ta không nên ham vui mà nên chú ý đến mọi sự khi chúng xẩy tới để có thể làm bất cứ gì xét ra cần thiết.
Có kẻ lại nói rằng, dù vua có chú ý đến tình hình mấy đi nữa thì một mình vua cũng không đủ sáng suốt để định đoạt thời gian của mọi việc làm một cách sáng suốt, do đó nhà vua phải thành lập một Hội Ðồng Nhân Sĩ và hành động theo lời khuyến cáo của họ.
Lại có kẻ nói rằng, có những công việc cần phải lấy quyết định tức khắc không thể nào có thì giờ để tham khảo xem đã đến lúc phải làm hay chưa đến lúc phải làm. Mà muốn lấy quyết định cho đúng thì phải biết trước những gì sẽ xẩy ra, do đó, nhà vua cần phải cần đến những nhà cố vấn tiên tri và bốc phệ.
Về câu hỏi thứ hai, cũng có nhiều câu trả lời không giống nhau. Có người nói những nhân vật mà vua cần chú ý nhất là những ông đại thần và những người trong triều đình. Có người nói là mấy ông Giám Mục, Thượng Tọa là quan hệ hơn hết. Có người nói là mấy ông tướng lãnh trong quân đội là quan hệ hơn hết.
Về câu hỏi thứ ba, các nhà thức giả cũng trả lời khác nhau. Có người nói khoa học là quan trọng nhất. Có người nói tôn giáo là quan trọng nhất. Có người lại nói: chỉnh trang quân đội là quan trọng nhất.
Vì các câu trả lời khác nhau cho nên nhà vua không thể đồng ý với vị hiền nhân nào cả, và chẳng ban thưởng cho ai hết.
Sau nhiều đêm suy nghĩ vua quyết định đi chất vấn một ông đạo tu trên núi, ông đạo này nổi tiếng là có giác ngộ. Vua muốn tìm lên trên núi để gặp ông đạo và hỏi ba câu hỏi kia.
Vị đạo sĩ này chưa bao giờ chịu xuống núi và nơi ông ta ở chỉ có những người dân nghèo; chẳng bao giờ ông chịu tiếp người quyền quý. Vì vậy mà nhà vua cải trang làm thường dân. Khi đi đến chân núi, vua dặn vệ sĩ đứng chờ ở dưới, và một mình vua, trong y phục một thường dân, vua trèo lên am của ông đạo.
Nhà vua gặp ông đạo đang cuốc đất trước am. Khi trông thấy người lạ, ông đạo gật đầu chào rồi tiếp tục cuốc đất. Ông đạo cuốc đất một cách nặng nhọc bởi ông đã già yếu; mỗi khi cuốc lên được một tảng đất hoặc lật ngược được tảng đất ra thì ông lại thở hào hển.
Nhà vua tới gần ông đạo và nói: "Tôi tới đây để xin ông đạo trả lời giúp cho tôi ba câu hỏi. Làm thế nào để biết đúng thì giờ hành động, đừng để cho cơ hội qua rồi sau phải hối tiếc ? Ai là những người quan trọng nhất mà ta phải chú ý tới nhiều hơn cả ? Và công việc nào quan trọng nhất cần thực hiện trước tiên ?"
Ông đạo lắng nghe nhà vua nhưng không trả lời. Ông chỉ vỗ vai nhà vua và cúi xuống tiếp tục cuốc đất.
Nhà vua nói: "Ông đạo mệt lắm rồi, thôi đưa cuốc cho tôi, tôi cuốc một lát". Vị đạo sĩ cám ơn và trao cuốc cho Vua rồi ngồi xuống đất nghỉ mệt. Cuốc xong được hai vồng đất thì nhà vua ngừng tay và lập lại câu hỏi. Ông đạo vẫn không trả lời, chỉ đứng dậy và đưa tay ra đòi cuốc, miệng nói: "Bây giờ bác phải nghỉ, đến phiên tôi cuốc". Nhưng nhà vua thay vì trao cuốc lại cúi xuống tiếp tục cuốc đất.
"Tôi tới để xin ông đạo trả lời cho mấy câu hỏi. Nếu ông đạo không thể trả lời cho tôi câu nào hết thì xin cho biết để tôi còn về nhà".
Ông đạo nghe tiếng chân người chạy đâu đây bèn nói với nhà vua: "Bác thử xem có ai chạy lên kìa". Nhà vua ngó ra thì thấy một người có râu dài đang chạy lúp xúp sau mấy bụi cây, hai tay ôm bụng. Máu chảy ướt đầm cả hai tay. Ông ta cố chạy tới chỗ nhà vua và ngất xỉu giữa đất, nằm im bất động miệng rên ri rỉ. Vua và ông đạo cởi áo người đó ra thì thấy có một vết đâm sâu nơi bụng. Vua rửa chỗ bị thương thật sạch và xé áo của mình ra băng bó vết thương, nhưng máu thấm ướt cả áo. Vua giặt áo và đem băng lại vết thương. Cứ như thế cho đến khi máu ngừng chảy.
Lúc bấy giờ người bị thương mới tỉnh dậy và đòi uống nước. Vua chạy đi múc nước suối cho ông ta uống. Khi đó mặt trời đã bắt đầu khuất và bắt đầu lạnh. Nhờ sự tiếp tay của ông đạo, nhà vua khiêng người bị nạn vào trong am và đặt nằm trên giường ông đạo. Ông ta nhắm mắt nằm yên. Nhà vua cũng mệt quá vì leo núi và cuốc đất cho nên ngồi dựa vào cánh cửa và ngủ thiếp đi. Vua ngủ ngon cho đến nỗi khi Vua thức dậy thì trời đã sáng và phải một lúc sau Vua mới nhớ ra được mình đang ở đâu và đang làm gì. Vua nhìn về phía giường thì thấy người bị thương cũng đang nhìn mình chòng chọc, hai mắt sáng trưng.
Người đó thấy vua tỉnh giấc rồi và đang nhìn mình thì nói, giọng rất yếu ớt:
"Xin bệ hạ tha tội cho thần".
"Ông có làm gì nên tội đâu mà phải tha ?"
"Bệ hạ không biết hạ thần, nhưng hạ thần biết bệ hạ. Hạ thần là người thù của bệ hạ, Hạ thần đã thề sẽ giết bệ hạ cho bằng được bởi vì khi xưa, trong chinh chiến bệ hạ đã giết mất người anh của hạ thần và còn tịch thu gia sản của hạ thần nữa".
"Hạ thần biết rằng bệ hạ sẽ lên núi này một mình để gặp ông đạo sĩ, nên đã mai phục quyết tâm giết bệ hạ trên con đường về. Nhưng cho đến tối mà bệ hạ vẫn chưa trở xuống, nên hạ thần đã rời chỗ mai phục mà đi lên núi tìm bệ hạ để hành thích. Thay vì gặp bệ hạ, hạ thần lại gặp bốn vệ sĩ. Bọn nầy nhận mặt được hạ thần cho nên đã xông lại đâm hạ thần. Hạ thần trốn được chạy lên đây, nhưng nếu không có bệ hạ cứu thì chắc chắn hạ thần đã chết vì máu ra nhiều quá. Hạ thần quyết tâm hành thích bệ hạ mà bệ hạ lại cứu sống được hạ thần. Hạ thần hối hận quá. Bây giờ đây nếu hạ thần mà sống được thì hạ thần nguyện sẽ làm tôi mọi cho bệ hạ suốt đời, và hạ thần cũng sẽ bắt các con của hạ thần làm như vậy. Xin bệ hạ tha tội cho hạ thần".
Thấy mình hòa giải được với kẻ thù một cách dễ dàng nhà vua rất vui mừng. Vua không những tha tội cho người kia mà còn hứa sẽ trả lại gia sản cho ông ta, và gửi ngự y cùng quân hầu tới săn sóc cho ông ta lành bệnh.
Sau khi cho vệ sĩ khiêng người bị thương về nhà, vua trở lên tìm ông đạo để chào. Trước khi ra về vua còn lặp lại lần cuối ba câu hỏi của vua. Ông đạo đang quỳ gối xuống đất gieo những hạt đậu trên những luống đất đã cuốc sẵn hôm qua.
Vị đạo sĩ đứng dậy nhìn vua: "Nhưng ba câu hỏi của vua đã được trả lời rồi mà".
Vua hỏi: "trả lời bao giờ đâu nào ?"
Xin vua hãy nhớ kỹ điều này: "chỉ có một thời gian quan trọng mà thôi, đó là thời gian hiện tại, là giờ phút hiện tại. Giờ phút hiện tại quan trọng bởi vì đó là thời gian duy nhất trong đó ta có thể làm chủ được ta. Và nhân vật quan trọng nhất là kẻ đang cụ thể sống với ta, đang đứng trước mặt ta, bởi vì ai biết được là mình sẽ đương đầu làm việc với những kẻ nào trong tương lai. Công việc quan trọng nhất là công việc làm cho người đang cụ thể sống bên ta, đang đứng trước mặt ta được hạnh phúc, bởi vì đó là ý nghĩa chính của đời sống.
(Trích từ Phép Lạ Của Sự Tỉnh Thức - TNH ) _________________________
THREE QUESTIONS
Leo Tolstoy
IT once occurred to a certain king, that if he always knew the right time to begin everything; if he knew who were the right people to listen to, and whom to avoid, and, above all, if he always knew what was the most important thing to do, he would never fail in anything he might undertake.
And this thought having occurred to him, he had it proclaimed throughout his kingdom that he would give a great reward to any one who would teach him what was the right time for every action, and who were the most necessary people, and how he might know what was the most important thing to do.
And learned men came to the King, but they all answered his questions differently.
In reply to the first question, some said that to know the right time for every action, one must draw up in advance, a table of days, months and years, and must live strictly according to it. Only thus, said they, could everything be done at its proper time. Others declared that it was impossible to decide beforehand the right time for every action; but that, not letting oneself be absorbed in idle pastimes, one should always attend to all that was going on, and then do what was most needful. Others, again, said that however attentive the King might be to what was going on, it was impossible for one man to decide correctly the right time for every action, but that he should have a Council of wise men, who would help him to fix the proper time for everything.
But then again others said there were some things which could not wait to be laid before a Council, but about which one had at once to decide whether to undertake them or not. But in order to decide that one must know beforehand what was going to happen. It is only magicians who know that; and, therefore in order to know the right time for every action, one must consult magicians.
Equally various were the answers to the second question. Some said, the people the King most needed were his councillors; others, the priests; others, the doctors; while some said the warriors were the most necessary.
To the third question, as to what was the most important occupation: some replied that the most important thing in the world was science. Others said it was skill in warfare; and others, again, that it was religious worship.
All the answers being different, the King agreed with none of them, and gave the reward to none. But still wishing to find the right answers to his questions, he decided to consult a hermit, widely renowned for his wisdom.
The hermit lived in a wood which he never quitted and he received none but common folk. So the King put on simple clothes, and before reaching the hermit's cell dismounted from his horse, and, leaving his bodyguard behind, went on alone.
When the King approached, the hermit was digging the ground in front of his hut. Seeing the King, he greeted him and went on digging. The hermit was frail and weak, and each time he stuck his spade into the ground and turned a little earth, he breathed heavily.
The King went up to him and said: 'I have come to you, wise hermit, to ask you to answer three questions: How can I learn to do the right thing at the right time? Who are the people I most need, and to whom should I, therefore, pay more attention than to the rest? And, what affairs are the most important and need my first attention?'
The hermit listened to the King, but answered nothing. He just spat on his hand and recommenced digging.
'You are tired,' said the King, 'let me take the spade and work awhile for you.'
'Thanks!' said the hermit, and, giving the spade to the King, he sat down on the ground.
When he had dug two beds, the King stopped and repeated his questions. The hermit again gave no answer, but rose, stretched out his hand for the spade, and said:
'Now rest awhile -- and let me work a bit.'
But the King did not give him the spade, and continued to dig. One hour passed, and another. The sun began to sink behind the trees, and the King at last stuck the spade into the ground, and said:
'I came to you, wise man, for an answer to my questions. If you can give me none, tell me so, and I will return home.'
'Here comes some one running,' said the hermit, 'let us see who it is.'
The King turned round, and saw a bearded man come running out of the wood. The man held his hands pressed against his stomach, and blood was flowing from under them. When he reached the King, he fell fainting on the ground moaning feebly. The King and the hermit unfastened the man's clothing. There was a large wound in his stomach. The King washed it as best he could, and bandaged it with his handkerchief and with a towel the hermit had. But the blood would not stop flowing, and the King again and again removed the bandage soaked with warm blood, and washed and rebandaged the wound. When at last the blood ceased flowing, the man revived and asked for something to drink. The King brought fresh water and gave it to him. Meanwhile the sun had set, and it had become cool. So the King, with the hermit's help, carried the wounded man into the hut and laid him on the bed. Lying on the bed the man closed his eyes and was quiet; but the King was so tired with his walk and with the work he had done, that he crouched down on the threshold, and also fell asleep -- so soundly that he slept all through the short summer night. When he awoke in the morning, it was long before he could remember where he was, or who was the strange bearded man lying on the bed and gazing intently at him with shining eyes.
'Forgive me!' said the bearded man in a weak voice, when he saw that the King was awake and was looking at him.
'I do not know you, and have nothing to forgive you for,' said the King.
'You do not know me, but I know you. I am that enemy of yours who swore to revenge himself on you, because you executed his brother and seized his property. I knew you had gone alone to see the hermit, and I resolved to kill you on your way back. But the day passed and you did not return. So I came out from my ambush to find you, and I came upon your bodyguard, and they recognized me, and wounded me. I escaped from them, but should have bled to death had you not dressed my wound. I wished to kill you, and you have saved my life. Now, if I live, and if you wish it, I will serve you as your most faithful slave, and will bid my sons do the same. Forgive me!'
The King was very glad to have made peace with his enemy so easily, and to have gained him for a friend, and he not only forgave him, but said he would send his servants and his own physician to attend him, and promised to restore his property.
Having taken leave of the wounded man, the King went out into the porch and looked around for the hermit. Before going away he wished once more to beg an answer to the questions he had put. The hermit was outside, on his knees, sowing seeds in the beds that had been dug the day before.
The King approached him, and said:
'For the last time, I pray you to answer my questions, wise man.'
'You have already been answered!' said the hermit still crouching on his thin legs, and looking up at the King, who stood before him.
'How answered? What do you mean?' asked the King.
'Do you not see,' replied the hermit. 'If you had not pitied my weakness yesterday, and had not dug these beds for me, but had gone your way, that man would have attacked you, and you would have repented of not having stayed with me. So the most important time was when you were digging the beds; and I was the most important man; and to do me good was your most important business. Afterwards, when that man ran to us, the most important time was when you were attending to him, for if you had not bound up his wounds he would have died without having made peace with you. So he was the most important man, and what you did for him was your most important business. Remember then: there is only one time that is important -- Now! It is the most important time because it is the only time when we have any power. The most necessary man is he with whom you are, for no man knows whether he will ever have dealings with any one else: and the most important affair is, to do him good, because for that purpose alone was man sent into this life!'
1903.
(Trích từ Phép Lạ Của Sự Tỉnh Thức - TNH ) _________________________
THREE QUESTIONS
Leo Tolstoy
IT once occurred to a certain king, that if he always knew the right time to begin everything; if he knew who were the right people to listen to, and whom to avoid, and, above all, if he always knew what was the most important thing to do, he would never fail in anything he might undertake.
And this thought having occurred to him, he had it proclaimed throughout his kingdom that he would give a great reward to any one who would teach him what was the right time for every action, and who were the most necessary people, and how he might know what was the most important thing to do.
And learned men came to the King, but they all answered his questions differently.
In reply to the first question, some said that to know the right time for every action, one must draw up in advance, a table of days, months and years, and must live strictly according to it. Only thus, said they, could everything be done at its proper time. Others declared that it was impossible to decide beforehand the right time for every action; but that, not letting oneself be absorbed in idle pastimes, one should always attend to all that was going on, and then do what was most needful. Others, again, said that however attentive the King might be to what was going on, it was impossible for one man to decide correctly the right time for every action, but that he should have a Council of wise men, who would help him to fix the proper time for everything.
But then again others said there were some things which could not wait to be laid before a Council, but about which one had at once to decide whether to undertake them or not. But in order to decide that one must know beforehand what was going to happen. It is only magicians who know that; and, therefore in order to know the right time for every action, one must consult magicians.
Equally various were the answers to the second question. Some said, the people the King most needed were his councillors; others, the priests; others, the doctors; while some said the warriors were the most necessary.
To the third question, as to what was the most important occupation: some replied that the most important thing in the world was science. Others said it was skill in warfare; and others, again, that it was religious worship.
All the answers being different, the King agreed with none of them, and gave the reward to none. But still wishing to find the right answers to his questions, he decided to consult a hermit, widely renowned for his wisdom.
The hermit lived in a wood which he never quitted and he received none but common folk. So the King put on simple clothes, and before reaching the hermit's cell dismounted from his horse, and, leaving his bodyguard behind, went on alone.
When the King approached, the hermit was digging the ground in front of his hut. Seeing the King, he greeted him and went on digging. The hermit was frail and weak, and each time he stuck his spade into the ground and turned a little earth, he breathed heavily.
The King went up to him and said: 'I have come to you, wise hermit, to ask you to answer three questions: How can I learn to do the right thing at the right time? Who are the people I most need, and to whom should I, therefore, pay more attention than to the rest? And, what affairs are the most important and need my first attention?'
The hermit listened to the King, but answered nothing. He just spat on his hand and recommenced digging.
'You are tired,' said the King, 'let me take the spade and work awhile for you.'
'Thanks!' said the hermit, and, giving the spade to the King, he sat down on the ground.
When he had dug two beds, the King stopped and repeated his questions. The hermit again gave no answer, but rose, stretched out his hand for the spade, and said:
'Now rest awhile -- and let me work a bit.'
But the King did not give him the spade, and continued to dig. One hour passed, and another. The sun began to sink behind the trees, and the King at last stuck the spade into the ground, and said:
'I came to you, wise man, for an answer to my questions. If you can give me none, tell me so, and I will return home.'
'Here comes some one running,' said the hermit, 'let us see who it is.'
The King turned round, and saw a bearded man come running out of the wood. The man held his hands pressed against his stomach, and blood was flowing from under them. When he reached the King, he fell fainting on the ground moaning feebly. The King and the hermit unfastened the man's clothing. There was a large wound in his stomach. The King washed it as best he could, and bandaged it with his handkerchief and with a towel the hermit had. But the blood would not stop flowing, and the King again and again removed the bandage soaked with warm blood, and washed and rebandaged the wound. When at last the blood ceased flowing, the man revived and asked for something to drink. The King brought fresh water and gave it to him. Meanwhile the sun had set, and it had become cool. So the King, with the hermit's help, carried the wounded man into the hut and laid him on the bed. Lying on the bed the man closed his eyes and was quiet; but the King was so tired with his walk and with the work he had done, that he crouched down on the threshold, and also fell asleep -- so soundly that he slept all through the short summer night. When he awoke in the morning, it was long before he could remember where he was, or who was the strange bearded man lying on the bed and gazing intently at him with shining eyes.
'Forgive me!' said the bearded man in a weak voice, when he saw that the King was awake and was looking at him.
'I do not know you, and have nothing to forgive you for,' said the King.
'You do not know me, but I know you. I am that enemy of yours who swore to revenge himself on you, because you executed his brother and seized his property. I knew you had gone alone to see the hermit, and I resolved to kill you on your way back. But the day passed and you did not return. So I came out from my ambush to find you, and I came upon your bodyguard, and they recognized me, and wounded me. I escaped from them, but should have bled to death had you not dressed my wound. I wished to kill you, and you have saved my life. Now, if I live, and if you wish it, I will serve you as your most faithful slave, and will bid my sons do the same. Forgive me!'
The King was very glad to have made peace with his enemy so easily, and to have gained him for a friend, and he not only forgave him, but said he would send his servants and his own physician to attend him, and promised to restore his property.
Having taken leave of the wounded man, the King went out into the porch and looked around for the hermit. Before going away he wished once more to beg an answer to the questions he had put. The hermit was outside, on his knees, sowing seeds in the beds that had been dug the day before.
The King approached him, and said:
'For the last time, I pray you to answer my questions, wise man.'
'You have already been answered!' said the hermit still crouching on his thin legs, and looking up at the King, who stood before him.
'How answered? What do you mean?' asked the King.
'Do you not see,' replied the hermit. 'If you had not pitied my weakness yesterday, and had not dug these beds for me, but had gone your way, that man would have attacked you, and you would have repented of not having stayed with me. So the most important time was when you were digging the beds; and I was the most important man; and to do me good was your most important business. Afterwards, when that man ran to us, the most important time was when you were attending to him, for if you had not bound up his wounds he would have died without having made peace with you. So he was the most important man, and what you did for him was your most important business. Remember then: there is only one time that is important -- Now! It is the most important time because it is the only time when we have any power. The most necessary man is he with whom you are, for no man knows whether he will ever have dealings with any one else: and the most important affair is, to do him good, because for that purpose alone was man sent into this life!'
1903.
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